티스토리 뷰
[실습] Ambient Mode
kind : k8s(1.32.2) 배포 , control-plane, worker-node x 2대
더보기
#
kind create cluster --name myk8s --image kindest/node:v1.32.2 --config - <<EOF
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
nodes:
- role: control-plane
extraPortMappings:
- containerPort: 30000 # Sample Application
hostPort: 30000
- containerPort: 30001 # Prometheus
hostPort: 30001
- containerPort: 30002 # Grafana
hostPort: 30002
- containerPort: 30003 # Kiali
hostPort: 30003
- containerPort: 30004 # Tracing
hostPort: 30004
- containerPort: 30005 # kube-ops-view
hostPort: 30005
- role: worker
- role: worker
networking:
podSubnet: 10.10.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.200.1.0/24
EOF
# 설치 확인
docker ps
# 노드에 기본 툴 설치
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'apt update && apt install tree psmisc lsof ipset wget bridge-utils net-tools dnsutils tcpdump ngrep iputils-ping git vim -y'; echo; done
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install termshark -y'; echo; done
# (옵션) kube-ops-view
helm repo add geek-cookbook https://geek-cookbook.github.io/charts/
helm install kube-ops-view geek-cookbook/kube-ops-view --version 1.2.2 --set service.main.type=NodePort,service.main.ports.http.nodePort=30005 --set env.TZ="Asia/Seoul" --namespace kube-system
kubectl get deploy,pod,svc,ep -n kube-system -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=kube-ops-view
## kube-ops-view 접속 URL 확인
open "http://127.0.0.1:30005/#scale=1.5"
open "http://127.0.0.1:30005/#scale=1.3"
kind docker network 에 테스트용 PC(컨테이너) 배포
더보기
# kind 설치 시 kind 이름의 도커 브리지가 생성된다 : 172.18.0.0/16 대역
docker network ls
docker inspect kind
# '테스트용 PC(mypc)' 컨테이너 기동 : kind 도커 브리지를 사용하고, 컨테이너 IP를 지정 혹은 지정 없이 배포
docker run -d --rm --name mypc --network kind --ip 172.18.0.100 nicolaka/netshoot sleep infinity # IP 지정 실행 시
혹은 IP 지정 실행 시 에러 발생 시 아래 처럼 IP 지정 없이 실행
docker run -d --rm --name mypc --network kind nicolaka/netshoot sleep infinity # IP 지정 없이 실행 시
docker ps
# '웹서버(myweb1, myweb2)' 컨테이너 기동 : kind 도커 브리지를 사용
# https://hub.docker.com/r/hashicorp/http-echo
docker run -d --rm --name myweb1 --network kind --ip 172.18.0.101 hashicorp/http-echo -listen=:80 -text="myweb1 server"
docker run -d --rm --name myweb2 --network kind --ip 172.18.0.102 hashicorp/http-echo -listen=:80 -text="myweb2 server"
혹은 IP 지정 실행 시 에러 발생 시 아래 처럼 IP 지정 없이 실행
docker run -d --rm --name myweb1 --network kind hashicorp/http-echo -listen=:80 -text="myweb1 server"
docker run -d --rm --name myweb2 --network kind hashicorp/http-echo -listen=:80 -text="myweb2 server"
docker ps
# kind network 중 컨테이너(노드) IP(대역) 확인
docker ps -q | xargs docker inspect --format '{{.Name}} {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.kind.IPAddress}}'
/myweb2 172.18.0.102
/myweb1 172.18.0.101
/mypc 172.18.0.100
/myk8s-control-plane 172.18.0.2
# 동일한 docker network(kind) 내부에서 컨테이너 이름 기반 도메인 통신 가능 확인!
docker exec -it mypc curl myweb1
docker exec -it mypc curl myweb2
docker exec -it mypc curl 172.18.0.101
docker exec -it mypc curl 172.18.0.102
MetalLB 배포
더보기
# MetalLB 배포
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/metallb/metallb/v0.14.9/config/manifests/metallb-native.yaml
# 확인
kubectl get crd
kubectl get pod -n metallb-system
# IPAddressPool, L2Advertisement 설정
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: metallb.io/v1beta1
kind: IPAddressPool
metadata:
name: default
namespace: metallb-system
spec:
addresses:
- 172.18.255.201-172.18.255.220
---
apiVersion: metallb.io/v1beta1
kind: L2Advertisement
metadata:
name: default
namespace: metallb-system
spec:
ipAddressPools:
- default
EOF
# 확인
kubectl get IPAddressPool,L2Advertisement -A
istio 1.26.0 설치 : Ambient profile
더보기
# myk8s-control-plane 진입 후 설치 진행
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane bash
-----------------------------------
# istioctl 설치
export ISTIOV=1.26.0
echo 'export ISTIOV=1.26.0' >> /root/.bashrc
curl -s -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | ISTIO_VERSION=$ISTIOV sh -
cp istio-$ISTIOV/bin/istioctl /usr/local/bin/istioctl
istioctl version --remote=false
client version: 1.26.0
# ambient 프로파일 컨트롤 플레인 배포
istioctl install --set profile=ambient --set meshConfig.accessLogFile=/dev/stdout --skip-confirmation
istioctl install --set profile=ambient --set meshConfig.enableTracing=true -y
# Install the Kubernetes Gateway API CRDs
kubectl get crd gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io &> /dev/null || \
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/releases/download/v1.3.0/standard-install.yaml
# 보조 도구 설치
kubectl apply -f istio-$ISTIOV/samples/addons
kubectl apply -f istio-$ISTIOV/samples/addons # nodePort 충돌 시 한번 더 입력
# 빠져나오기
exit
-----------------------------------
# 설치 확인 : istiod, istio-ingressgateway, crd 등
kubectl get all,svc,ep,sa,cm,secret,pdb -n istio-system
kubectl get crd | grep istio.io
kubectl get crd | grep -v istio | grep -v metallb
kubectl get crd | grep gateways
gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io 2025-06-01T04:54:23Z
gateways.networking.istio.io 2025-06-01T04:53:51Z
kubectl api-resources | grep Gateway
gatewayclasses gc gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1 false GatewayClass
gateways gtw gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1 true Gateway
gateways gw networking.istio.io/v1 true Gateway
kubectl describe cm -n istio-system istio
...
Data
====
mesh:
----
accessLogFile: /dev/stdout
defaultConfig:
discoveryAddress: istiod.istio-system.svc:15012
defaultProviders:
metrics:
- prometheus
enablePrometheusMerge: true
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-status
NAME CLUSTER CDS LDS EDS RDS ECDS ISTIOD VERSION
ztunnel-25hpt.istio-system Kubernetes IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED istiod-86b6b7ff7-x4787 1.26.0
ztunnel-4r4d4.istio-system Kubernetes IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED istiod-86b6b7ff7-x4787 1.26.0
ztunnel-9rzzt.istio-system Kubernetes IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED IGNORED istiod-86b6b7ff7-x4787 1.26.0
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config service
# iptables 규칙 확인
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'iptables-save'; echo; done
# NodePort 변경 및 nodeport 30001~30003으로 변경 : prometheus(30001), grafana(30002), kiali(30003), tracing(30004)
kubectl patch svc -n istio-system prometheus -p '{"spec": {"type": "NodePort", "ports": [{"port": 9090, "targetPort": 9090, "nodePort": 30001}]}}'
kubectl patch svc -n istio-system grafana -p '{"spec": {"type": "NodePort", "ports": [{"port": 3000, "targetPort": 3000, "nodePort": 30002}]}}'
kubectl patch svc -n istio-system kiali -p '{"spec": {"type": "NodePort", "ports": [{"port": 20001, "targetPort": 20001, "nodePort": 30003}]}}'
kubectl patch svc -n istio-system tracing -p '{"spec": {"type": "NodePort", "ports": [{"port": 80, "targetPort": 16686, "nodePort": 30004}]}}'
# Prometheus 접속 : envoy, istio 메트릭 확인
open http://127.0.0.1:30001
# Grafana 접속
open http://127.0.0.1:30002
# Kiali 접속 : NodePort
open http://127.0.0.1:30003
# tracing 접속 : 예거 트레이싱 대시보드
open http://127.0.0.1:30004
istio-cni-node 와 ztunnel 데몬셋 파드 정보 확인
더보기
istio-cni-node
#
kubectl get ds -n istio-system
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
istio-cni-node 3 3 3 3 3 kubernetes.io/os=linux 30m
ztunnel 3 3 3 3 3 kubernetes.io/os=linux 29m
#
kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l k8s-app=istio-cni-node -owide
kubectl describe pod -n istio-system -l k8s-app=istio-cni-node
...
Containers:
install-cni:
Container ID: containerd://3be28564d6098b727125c3c493197baf87fa215d4c2847f36fe6075d2daad24a
Image: docker.io/istio/install-cni:1.26.0-distroless
Image ID: docker.io/istio/install-cni@sha256:e69cea606f6fe75907602349081f78ddb0a94417199f9022f7323510abef65cb
Port: 15014/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Command:
install-cni
Args:
--log_output_level=info
State: Running
Started: Sun, 01 Jun 2025 13:54:07 +0900
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
Readiness: http-get http://:8000/readyz delay=0s timeout=1s period=10s #success=1 #failure=3
Environment Variables from:
istio-cni-config ConfigMap Optional: false
Environment:
REPAIR_NODE_NAME: (v1:spec.nodeName)
REPAIR_RUN_AS_DAEMON: true
REPAIR_SIDECAR_ANNOTATION: sidecar.istio.io/status
ALLOW_SWITCH_TO_HOST_NS: true
NODE_NAME: (v1:spec.nodeName)
GOMEMLIMIT: node allocatable (limits.memory)
GOMAXPROCS: node allocatable (limits.cpu)
POD_NAME: istio-cni-node-xj4x2 (v1:metadata.name)
POD_NAMESPACE: istio-system (v1:metadata.namespace)
Mounts:
/host/etc/cni/net.d from cni-net-dir (rw)
/host/opt/cni/bin from cni-bin-dir (rw)
/host/proc from cni-host-procfs (ro)
/host/var/run/netns from cni-netns-dir (rw)
/var/run/istio-cni from cni-socket-dir (rw)
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-srxzl (ro)
/var/run/ztunnel from cni-ztunnel-sock-dir (rw)
...
Volumes:
cni-bin-dir:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /opt/cni/bin
HostPathType:
cni-host-procfs:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /proc
HostPathType: Directory
cni-ztunnel-sock-dir:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /var/run/ztunnel
HostPathType: DirectoryOrCreate
cni-net-dir:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /etc/cni/net.d
HostPathType:
cni-socket-dir:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /var/run/istio-cni
HostPathType:
cni-netns-dir:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /var/run/netns
HostPathType: DirectoryOrCreate
...
# 노드에서 기본 정보 확인
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'ls -l /opt/cni/bin'; echo; done
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52428984 Jun 1 05:42 istio-cni
...
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'ls -l /etc/cni/net.d'; echo; done
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 862 Jun 1 04:54 10-kindnet.conflist
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'ls -l /var/run/istio-cni'; echo; done
-rw------- 1 root root 2990 Jun 1 05:42 istio-cni-kubeconfig
-rw------- 1 root root 171 Jun 1 04:54 istio-cni.log
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Jun 1 04:54 log.sock
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Jun 1 04:54 pluginevent.sock
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'ls -l /var/run/netns'; echo; done
...
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'lsns -t net'; echo; done
# istio-cni-node 데몬셋 파드 로그 확인
kubectl logs -n istio-system -l k8s-app=istio-cni-node -f
...
ztunnel
# ztunnel 파드 확인 : 파드 이름 변수 지정
kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -owide
kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel
ZPOD1NAME=$(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
ZPOD2NAME=$(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -o jsonpath="{.items[1].metadata.name}")
ZPOD3NAME=$(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -o jsonpath="{.items[2].metadata.name}")
echo $ZPOD1NAME $ZPOD2NAME $ZPOD3NAME
#
kubectl describe pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel
...
Containers:
istio-proxy:
Container ID: containerd://d81ca867bfd0c505f062ea181a070a8ab313df3591e599a22706a7f4f537ffc5
Image: docker.io/istio/ztunnel:1.26.0-distroless
Image ID: docker.io/istio/ztunnel@sha256:d711b5891822f4061c0849b886b4786f96b1728055333cbe42a99d0aeff36dbe
Port: 15020/TCP
...
Requests:
cpu: 200m
memory: 512Mi
Readiness: http-get http://:15021/healthz/ready delay=0s timeout=1s period=10s #success=1 #failure=3
Environment:
CA_ADDRESS: istiod.istio-system.svc:15012
XDS_ADDRESS: istiod.istio-system.svc:15012
RUST_LOG: info
RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
ISTIO_META_CLUSTER_ID: Kubernetes
INPOD_ENABLED: true
TERMINATION_GRACE_PERIOD_SECONDS: 30
POD_NAME: ztunnel-9rzzt (v1:metadata.name)
POD_NAMESPACE: istio-system (v1:metadata.namespace)
NODE_NAME: (v1:spec.nodeName)
INSTANCE_IP: (v1:status.podIP)
SERVICE_ACCOUNT: (v1:spec.serviceAccountName)
ISTIO_META_ENABLE_HBONE: true
Mounts:
/tmp from tmp (rw)
/var/run/secrets/istio from istiod-ca-cert (rw)
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-42r88 (ro)
/var/run/secrets/tokens from istio-token (rw)
/var/run/ztunnel from cni-ztunnel-sock-dir (rw)
...
Volumes:
istio-token:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 43200
istiod-ca-cert:
Type: ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
Name: istio-ca-root-cert
Optional: false
cni-ztunnel-sock-dir:
Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume)
Path: /var/run/ztunnel
HostPathType: DirectoryOrCreate
...
#
kubectl krew install pexec
kubectl pexec $ZPOD1NAME -it -T -n istio-system -- bash
-------------------------------------------------------
whoami
ip -c addr
ifconfig
iptables -t mangle -S
iptables -t nat -S
ss -tnlp
ss -tnp
ss -xnp
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 44981 * 44982 users:(("ztunnel",pid=1,fd=13),("ztunnel",pid=1,fd=8),("ztunnel",pid=1,fd=6))
u_seq ESTAB 0 0 /var/run/ztunnel/ztunnel.sock 47646 * 46988
u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 44982 * 44981 users:(("ztunnel",pid=1,fd=7))
u_seq ESTAB 0 0 * 46988 * 47646 users:(("ztunnel",pid=1,fd=19))
ls -l /var/run/ztunnel
total 0
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jun 1 04:54 ztunnel.sock
# 메트릭 정보 확인
curl -s http://localhost:15020/metrics
# Viewing Istiod state for ztunnel xDS resources
curl -s http://localhost:15000/config_dump
exit
-------------------------------------------------------
# 아래 ztunnel 파드도 확인해보자
kubectl pexec $ZPOD2NAME -it -T -n istio-system -- bash
kubectl pexec $ZPOD3NAME -it -T -n istio-system -- bash
# 노드에서 기본 정보 확인
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node sh -c 'ls -l /var/run/ztunnel'; echo; done
# ztunnel 데몬셋 파드 로그 확인
kubectl logs -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -f
...
도전과제1 Istio Ambient mode 를 Helm 으로 설치해보자
실습 샘플 애플리케이션은 책 webapp - catalog 로 노드에 각각 배포로 변경해두자 (podAntiAffinity)
샘플 어플리케이션 배포
더보기
#
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane ls -l istio-1.26.0
total 40
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11357 May 7 11:05 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6927 May 7 11:05 README.md
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 7 11:05 bin
-rw-r----- 1 root root 983 May 7 11:05 manifest.yaml
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 7 11:05 manifests
drwxr-xr-x 27 root root 4096 May 7 11:05 samples
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 7 11:05 tools
# Deploy the Bookinfo sample application:
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane kubectl apply -f istio-1.26.0/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
# 확인
kubectl get deploy,pod,svc,ep
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config service
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-status
# 통신 확인 : ratings 에서 productpage 페이지
kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=ratings -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" -c ratings -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"
# 요청 테스트용 파드 생성 : netshoot
kubectl create sa netshoot
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: netshoot
spec:
serviceAccountName: netshoot
nodeName: myk8s-control-plane
containers:
- name: netshoot
image: nicolaka/netshoot
command: ["tail"]
args: ["-f", "/dev/null"]
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
EOF
# 요청 확인
kubectl exec -it netshoot -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -i title
# 반복 요청
while true; do kubectl exec -it netshoot -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -i title ; date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; sleep 1; done
Open the application to outside traffic
더보기
#
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane cat istio-1.26.0/samples/bookinfo/gateway-api/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: bookinfo-gateway
spec:
gatewayClassName: istio
listeners:
- name: http
port: 80
protocol: HTTP
allowedRoutes:
namespaces:
from: Same
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
name: bookinfo
spec:
parentRefs:
- name: bookinfo-gateway
rules:
- matches:
- path:
type: Exact
value: /productpage
- path:
type: PathPrefix
value: /static
- path:
type: Exact
value: /login
- path:
type: Exact
value: /logout
- path:
type: PathPrefix
value: /api/v1/products
backendRefs:
- name: productpage
port: 9080
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane kubectl apply -f istio-1.26.0/samples/bookinfo/gateway-api/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
# 확인
kubectl get gateway
NAME CLASS ADDRESS PROGRAMMED AGE
bookinfo-gateway istio 172.18.255.201 True 75s
kubectl get HTTPRoute
NAME HOSTNAMES AGE
bookinfo 101s
kubectl get svc,ep bookinfo-gateway-istio
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/bookinfo-gateway-istio LoadBalancer 10.200.1.122 172.18.255.201 15021:30870/TCP,80:31570/TCP 2m37s
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
endpoints/bookinfo-gateway-istio 10.10.1.6:15021,10.10.1.6:80 2m37s
kubectl get pod -l gateway.istio.io/managed=istio.io-gateway-controller -owide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
bookinfo-gateway-istio-6cbd9bcd49-fwqqp 1/1 Running 0 3m45s 10.10.1.6 myk8s-worker2 <none> <none>
# 접속 확인
docker ps
kubectl get svc bookinfo-gateway-istio -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}'
GWLB=$(kubectl get svc bookinfo-gateway-istio -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
docker exec -it mypc curl $GWLB/productpage -v
docker exec -it mypc curl $GWLB/productpage -I
# 반복 요청 : 아래 mypc 컨테이너에서 반복 요청 계속 해두기!
GWLB=$(kubectl get svc bookinfo-gateway-istio -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
while true; do docker exec -it mypc curl $GWLB/productpage | grep -i title ; date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; sleep 1; done
# 자신의 로컬 PC에서 접속 시도
kubectl patch svc bookinfo-gateway-istio -p '{"spec": {"type": "LoadBalancer", "ports": [{"port": 80, "targetPort": 80, "nodePort": 30000}]}}'
kubectl get svc bookinfo-gateway-istio
open "http://127.0.0.1:30000/productpage"
# 반복 요청
while true; do curl -s http://127.0.0.1:30000/productpage | grep -i title ; date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; sleep 1; done
Adding your application to ambient
더보기
자물쇠 모양 확인(mTLS 통신), L4 텔레메트리 수집(TCP Trafiic min/max 정보 확인)
그라파나 Ztunnel 대시보드 확인
프로메테우스 L4 메트릭 확인 : istio_tcp_sent_bytes_total 혹은 istio_tcp_connections_opened_total
- The namespace or pod has the label istio.io/dataplane-mode=ambient
- The pod does not have the opt-out label istio.io/dataplane-mode=none
# 디폴트 네임스페이서 모든 파드들에 ambient mesh 통신 적용 설정
# You can enable all pods in a given namespace to be part of the ambient mesh by simply labeling the namespace:
kubectl label namespace default istio.io/dataplane-mode=ambient
# 파드 정보 확인 : 사이트카가 없다! , 파드 수명 주기에 영향도 없다! -> mTLS 암호 통신 제공, L4 텔레메트리(메트릭) 제공
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-status
kubectl get pod
#
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
NAMESPACE POD NAME ADDRESS NODE WAYPOINT PROTOCOL
default details-v1-766844796b-nfsh8 10.10.2.16 myk8s-worker None HBONE
default netshoot 10.10.0.7 myk8s-control-plane None HBONE
default productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54 10.10.2.20 myk8s-worker None HBONE
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload --address 10.10.2.20
NAMESPACE POD NAME ADDRESS NODE WAYPOINT PROTOCOL
default productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54 10.10.2.20 myk8s-worker None HBONE
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload --address 10.10.2.20 -o json
[
{
"uid": "Kubernetes//Pod/default/productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54",
"workloadIps": [
"10.10.2.20"
],
"protocol": "HBONE",
"name": "productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54",
"namespace": "default",
"serviceAccount": "bookinfo-productpage",
"workloadName": "productpage-v1",
"workloadType": "pod",
"canonicalName": "productpage",
"canonicalRevision": "v1",
"clusterId": "Kubernetes",
"trustDomain": "cluster.local",
"locality": {},
"node": "myk8s-worker",
"status": "Healthy",
...
#
PPOD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=productpage -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
kubectl pexec $PPOD -it -T -- bash
-------------------------------------------------------
iptables-save
iptables -t mangle -S
iptables -t nat -S
ss -tnlp
ss -tnp
ss -xnp
ls -l /var/run/ztunnel
# 메트릭 정보 확인
curl -s http://localhost:15020/metrics | grep '^[^#]'
...
# Viewing Istiod state for ztunnel xDS resources
curl -s http://localhost:15000/config_dump
exit
-------------------------------------------------------
# 노드에서 ipset 확인 : 파드들의 ip를 멤버로 관리 확인
for node in control-plane worker worker2; do echo "node : myk8s-$node" ; docker exec -it myk8s-$node ipset list; echo; done
...
Members:
10.10.2.15 comment "57009539-36bb-42e0-bdac-4c2356fabbd3"
10.10.2.19 comment "64f46320-b85d-4e10-ab97-718d4e282116"
10.10.2.17 comment "b5ff9b4c-722f-48ef-a789-a95485fe9fa8"
10.10.2.18 comment "c6b368f7-6b6f-4d1d-8dbe-4ee85d7c9c22"
10.10.2.16 comment "cd1b1016-5570-4492-ba3a-4299790029d9"
10.10.2.20 comment "2b97238b-3b37-4a13-87a2-70755cb225e6"
# istio-cni-node 로그 확인
kubectl -n istio-system logs -l k8s-app=istio-cni-node -f
...
# ztunnel 파드 로그 모니터링 : IN/OUT 트래픽 정보
kubectl -n istio-system logs -l app=ztunnel -f | egrep "inbound|outbound"
2025-06-01T06:37:49.162266Z info access connection complete src.addr=10.10.2.20:48392 src.workload="productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54" src.namespace="default" src.identity="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-productpage" dst.addr=10.10.2.18:15008 dst.hbone_addr=10.10.2.18:9080 dst.service="reviews.default.svc.cluster.local" dst.workload="reviews-v2-556d6457d-4r8n8" dst.namespace="default" dst.identity="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-reviews" direction="inbound" bytes_sent=602 bytes_recv=192 duration="31ms"
2025-06-01T06:37:49.162347Z info access connection complete src.addr=10.10.2.20:53412 src.workload="productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54" src.namespace="default" src.identity="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-productpage" dst.addr=10.10.2.18:15008 dst.hbone_addr=10.10.2.18:9080 dst.service="reviews.default.svc.cluster.local" dst.workload="reviews-v2-556d6457d-4r8n8" dst.namespace="default" dst.identity="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-reviews" direction="outbound" bytes_sent=192 bytes_recv=602 duration="31ms"
# ztunnel 파드 확인 : 파드 이름 변수 지정
kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -owide
kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel
ZPOD1NAME=$(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
ZPOD2NAME=$(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -o jsonpath="{.items[1].metadata.name}")
ZPOD3NAME=$(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=ztunnel -o jsonpath="{.items[2].metadata.name}")
echo $ZPOD1NAME $ZPOD2NAME $ZPOD3NAME
#
kubectl pexec $ZPOD1NAME -it -T -n istio-system -- bash
-------------------------------------------------------
iptables -t mangle -S
iptables -t nat -S
ss -tnlp
ss -tnp
ss -xnp
ls -l /var/run/ztunnel
# 메트릭 정보 확인
curl -s http://localhost:15020/metrics | grep '^[^#]'
...
# Viewing Istiod state for ztunnel xDS resources
curl -s http://localhost:15000/config_dump
exit
-------------------------------------------------------
# netshoot 파드만 ambient mode 에서 제외해보자
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
kubectl label pod netshoot istio.io/dataplane-mode=none
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
NAMESPACE POD NAME ADDRESS NODE WAYPOINT PROTOCOL
default netshoot 10.10.0.7 myk8s-control-plane None TCP
상세 정보 분석
더보기
암호 통신 시
평문 통신 시
istio-proxy 정보 확인
#
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-status
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config listener deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config listener deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --waypoint
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config listener deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --port 80
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config listener deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --port 80 -o json
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config route deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config route deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --name http.80
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config route deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --name http.80 -o json
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config cluster deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config cluster deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --fqdn productpage.default.svc.cluster.local -o json
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config endpoint deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --status healthy
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config endpoint deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio --cluster 'outbound|9080||productpage.default.svc.cluster.local' -o json
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config secret deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config secret deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio -o json
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl proxy-config bootstrap deploy/bookinfo-gateway-istio
ztunnel-config
# A group of commands used to update or retrieve Ztunnel configuration from a Ztunnel instance.
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config
all Retrieves all configuration for the specified Ztunnel pod.
certificate Retrieves certificate for the specified Ztunnel pod.
connections Retrieves connections for the specified Ztunnel pod.
log Retrieves logging levels of the Ztunnel instance in the specified pod.
policy Retrieves policies for the specified Ztunnel pod.
service Retrieves services for the specified Ztunnel pod.
workload Retrieves workload configuration for the specified Ztunnel pod.
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config service
NAMESPACE SERVICE NAME SERVICE VIP WAYPOINT ENDPOINTS
default bookinfo-gateway-istio 10.200.1.122 None 1/1
default details 10.200.1.202 None 1/1
default kubernetes 10.200.1.1 None 1/1
default productpage 10.200.1.207 None 1/1
default ratings 10.200.1.129 None 1/1
default reviews 10.200.1.251 None 3/3
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config service --service-namespace default --node myk8s-worker
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config service --service-namespace default --node myk8s-worker2
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config service --service-namespace default --node myk8s-worker2 -o json
...
{
"name": "productpage",
"namespace": "default",
"hostname": "productpage.default.svc.cluster.local",
"vips": [
"/10.200.1.207"
],
"ports": {
"9080": 9080
},
"endpoints": {
"Kubernetes//Pod/default/productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54": {
"workloadUid": "Kubernetes//Pod/default/productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54",
"service": "",
"port": {
"9080": 9080
}
}
},
"ipFamilies": "IPv4"
},
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload --workload-namespace default
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload --workload-namespace default --node myk8s-worker2
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload --workload-namespace default --node myk8s-worker -o json
...
{
"uid": "Kubernetes//Pod/default/productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54",
"workloadIps": [
"10.10.2.20"
],
"protocol": "HBONE",
"name": "productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54",
"namespace": "default",
"serviceAccount": "bookinfo-productpage",
"workloadName": "productpage-v1",
"workloadType": "pod",
"canonicalName": "productpage",
"canonicalRevision": "v1",
"clusterId": "Kubernetes",
"trustDomain": "cluster.local",
"locality": {},
"node": "myk8s-worker",
"status": "Healthy",
"hostname": "",
"capacity": 1,
"applicationTunnel": {
"protocol": ""
}
},
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config certificate --node myk8s-worker
CERTIFICATE NAME TYPE STATUS VALID CERT SERIAL NUMBER NOT AFTER NOT BEFORE
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-details Leaf Available true 6399f0ac1d1f508088c731791930a03a 2025-06-02T06:21:46Z 2025-06-01T06:19:46Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-details Root Available true 8a432683a288fb4b61d5775dcf47019d 2035-05-30T04:53:58Z 2025-06-01T04:53:58Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-productpage Leaf Available true f727d33914e23029b3c889c67efe12e1 2025-06-02T06:21:46Z 2025-06-01T06:19:46Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-productpage Root Available true 8a432683a288fb4b61d5775dcf47019d 2035-05-30T04:53:58Z 2025-06-01T04:53:58Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-ratings Leaf Available true d1af8176f5047f620d7795a4775869ad 2025-06-02T06:21:46Z 2025-06-01T06:19:46Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-ratings Root Available true 8a432683a288fb4b61d5775dcf47019d 2035-05-30T04:53:58Z 2025-06-01T04:53:58Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-reviews Leaf Available true af013ce3f7dca5dc1bead36455155d65 2025-06-02T06:21:46Z 2025-06-01T06:19:46Z
spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-reviews Root Available true 8a432683a288fb4b61d5775dcf47019d 2035-05-30T04:53:58Z 2025-06-01T04:53:58Z
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config certificate --node myk8s-worker -o json
...
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config connections --node myk8s-worker
WORKLOAD DIRECTION LOCAL REMOTE REMOTE TARGET PROTOCOL
productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54.default Inbound productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54.default:9080 bookinfo-gateway-istio-6cbd9bcd49-fwqqp.default:33052 HBONE
ratings-v1-5dc79b6bcd-64kcm.default Inbound ratings-v1-5dc79b6bcd-64kcm.default:9080 reviews-v2-556d6457d-4r8n8.default:56440 ratings.default.svc.cluster.local HBONE
reviews-v2-556d6457d-4r8n8.default Outbound reviews-v2-556d6457d-4r8n8.default:41722 ratings-v1-5dc79b6bcd-64kcm.default:15008 ratings.default.svc.cluster.local:9080 HBONE
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config connections --node myk8s-worker --raw
WORKLOAD DIRECTION LOCAL REMOTE REMOTE TARGET PROTOCOL
productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54.default Inbound 10.10.2.20:9080 10.10.1.6:33064 HBONE
productpage-v1-54bb874995-xkq54.default Inbound 10.10.2.20:9080 10.10.1.6:33052 HBONE
ratings-v1-5dc79b6bcd-64kcm.default Inbound 10.10.2.15:9080 10.10.2.18:56440 ratings.default.svc.cluster.local HBONE
ratings-v1-5dc79b6bcd-64kcm.default Inbound 10.10.2.15:9080 10.10.2.19:56306 ratings.default.svc.cluster.local HBONE
reviews-v2-556d6457d-4r8n8.default Outbound 10.10.2.18:45530 10.10.2.15:15008 10.200.1.129:9080 HBONE
reviews-v3-564544b4d6-nmf92.default Outbound 10.10.2.19:56168 10.10.2.15:15008 10.200.1.129:9080 HBONE
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config connections --node myk8s-worker -o json
...
{
"state": "Up",
"connections": {
"inbound": [
{
"src": "10.10.2.18:56440",
"originalDst": "ratings.default.svc.cluster.local",
"actualDst": "10.10.2.15:9080",
"protocol": "HBONE"
},
{
"src": "10.10.2.19:56306",
"originalDst": "ratings.default.svc.cluster.local",
"actualDst": "10.10.2.15:9080",
"protocol": "HBONE"
}
],
"outbound": []
},
"info": {
"name": "ratings-v1-5dc79b6bcd-64kcm",
"namespace": "default",
"trustDomain": "",
"serviceAccount": "bookinfo-ratings"
}
},
...
#
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config policy
NAMESPACE POLICY NAME ACTION SCOPE
#
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config log
ztunnel-25hpt.istio-system:
current log level is hickory_server::server::server_future=off,info
...
도식화
Role of Specific Ports
- 15008(HBONE 소켓) : HBONE 프로토콜을 사용하여 HTTP 기반 트래픽을 투명하게 처리합니다.
- 15006(일반 텍스트 소켓) : 포드 간 통신을 위해 메시 내의 암호화되지 않은 트래픽을 관리합니다.
- 15001(아웃바운드 소켓) : 아웃바운드 트래픽을 제어하고 외부 서비스 액세스에 대한 정책을 시행합니다.
- 0x539 마크는 Istio 프록시(예: ztunnel)에서 발생하는 트래픽을 식별합니다.
- 이 마크는 프록시에서 처리된 패킷을 구별하여 재처리되거나 잘못된 경로로 지정되지 않도록 합니다.
- 0x111 마크는 Istio 메시 내의 연결 수준 표시에 사용되며, 이는 프록시에 의해 연결이 처리되었음을 나타냅니다.
- iptables의 CONNMARK 모듈은 이 마크를 전체 연결로 확장하여 후속 패킷 매칭 속도를 높입니다.
새로운 앰비언트 캡처 모델의 최종 결과는 모든 트래픽 캡처와 리디렉션이 포드의 네트워크 네임스페이스 내부에서 발생한다는 것입니다.
노드, CNI 및 기타 모든 것에 대해 포드 내부에 사이드카 프록시가 있는 것처럼 보입니다.
비록 포드에서 사이드카 프록시가 전혀 실행되지 않더라도 말입니다.
productpage 확인
#
PPOD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=productpage -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
kubectl pexec $PPOD -it -T -- bash
-------------------------------------------------------
iptables-save
...
# DNS 트래픽에 대해 연결 추적을 설정, 이후 마크 기반으로 리디렉션 여부를 제어
iptables -t raw -S
...
-A PREROUTING -j ISTIO_PRERT
-A OUTPUT -j ISTIO_OUTPUT
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT -p udp -m mark --mark 0x539/0xfff -m udp --dport 53 -j CT --zone 1
-A ISTIO_PRERT -p udp -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -m udp --sport 53 -j CT --zone 1
# 특정 마크가 붙은 트래픽을 식별해서 추후 NAT에서 건너뛰게 함
iptables -t mangle -S
...
## 들어오는 패킷을 ISTIO_PRERT 체인으로 전달
-A PREROUTING -j ISTIO_PRERT
## 로컬 생성 트래픽도 마찬가지로 처리
-A OUTPUT -j ISTIO_OUTPUT
## 연결 추적에 저장된 마크를 복원
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT -m connmark --mark 0x111/0xfff -j CONNMARK --restore-mark --nfmask 0xffffffff --ctmask 0xffffffff
## 마크가 특정 값일 경우 새로운 마크로 설정
-A ISTIO_PRERT -m mark --mark 0x539/0xfff -j CONNMARK --set-xmark 0x111/0xfff
# 트래픽 리디렉션 실행
iptables -t nat -S
...
## 특정 IP 예외 처리 (프록시 자체나 메타데이터 주소 등)
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT -d 169.254.7.127/32 -p tcp -m tcp -j ACCEPT
## DNS 요청(udp/53) 을 15053 포트로 리디렉션
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT ! -o lo -p udp -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -m udp --dport 53 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 15053
## TCP 기반 DNS 요청 도 15053으로 리디렉션
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j REDIRECT --to-ports 15053
## 특정 마크가 붙은 트래픽은 리디렉션에서 제외
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT -p tcp -m mark --mark 0x111/0xfff -j ACCEPT
## 루프백 인터페이스로 향하는 트래픽은 건너뜀
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -o lo -j ACCEPT
## 나머지 TCP 트래픽은 15001 로 리디렉션
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j REDIRECT --to-ports 15001
## 특정 메타데이터 IP에서 온 트래픽은 리디렉션 예외
-A ISTIO_PRERT -s 169.254.7.127/32 -p tcp -m tcp -j ACCEPT
## 들어오는 외부 TCP 트래픽을 inbound 포트(15006) 로 리디렉션
-A ISTIO_PRERT ! -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp ! --dport 15008 -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j REDIRECT --to-ports 15006
# 요약
## DNS 트래픽 → 15053 포트로 리디렉션 (Envoy가 DNS를 프록시)
## TCP 트래픽 (출발지/도착지에 따라) → 15001 또는 15006 포트로 리디렉션
## 특정 마크 (0x539, 0x111)나 주소는 리디렉션 제외
## conntrack 및 mark 시스템으로 트래픽 상태 관리 및 리디렉션 조건 제어
# 15001,15006,15008 확인
ss -tnp
ss -tnlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:15053 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:15053 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:15001 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:15006 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:15008 *:*
LISTEN 0 2048 *:9080 *:* users:(("gunicorn",pid=18,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=17,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=16,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=15,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=14,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=13,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=12,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=11,fd=5),("gunicorn",pid=1,fd=5))
# 암호화 확인
tcpdump -i eth0 -A -s 0 -nn 'tcp port 15008'
apk update && apk add ngrep
ngrep -tW byline -d eth0 '' 'tcp port 15008'
#
ngrep -tW byline -d eth0 '' 'tcp port 15001'
ngrep -tW byline -d eth0 '' 'tcp port 15006'
#
ls -l /var/run/ztunnel
exit
-------------------------------------------------------
Verify mutual TLS is enabled
더보기
Validate mTLS using workload’s ztunnel configurations
# PROTOCOL HBONE 확인
docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload
NAMESPACE POD NAME ADDRESS NODE WAYPOINT PROTOCOL
default bookinfo-gateway-istio-6cbd9bcd49-6cphf 10.10.2.6 myk8s-worker2 None TCP
default details-v1-766844796b-jd7n5 10.10.1.11 myk8s-worker None HBONE
...
Validate mTLS from metrics
istio_tcp_connections_opened_total{
app="ztunnel",
connection_security_policy="mutual_tls",
destination_principal="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-details",
destination_service="details.default.svc.cluster.local",
reporter="source",
request_protocol="tcp",
response_flags="-",
source_app="curl",
source_principal="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/curl",source_workload_namespace="default",
...}
Validate mTLS from logs
mTLS가 활성화되었는지 확인하기 위해 소스 또는 대상 ztunnel 로그를 피어 ID와 함께 확인
#
kubectl -n istio-system logs -l app=ztunnel | grep -E "inbound|outbound"
2024-08-21T15:32:05.754291Z info access connection complete src.addr=10.42.0.9:33772 src.workload="curl-7656cf8794-6lsm4" src.namespace="default"
src.identity="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/curl" dst.addr=10.42.0.5:15008 dst.hbone_addr=10.42.0.5:9080 dst.service="details.default.svc.cluster.local"
dst.workload="details-v1-857849f66-ft8wx" dst.namespace="default" dst.identity="spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-details"
direction="outbound" bytes_sent=84 bytes_recv=358 duration="15ms"
...
Validate with Kiali dashboard
Validate with tcpdump
- If you have access to your Kubernetes worker nodes, you can run the tcpdump command to capture all traffic on the network interface, with optional focusing the application ports and HBONE port.
- In this example, port 9080 is the details service port and 15008 is the HBONE port:
# tcpdump -nAi eth0 port 9080 or port 15008
#
DPOD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=details -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
echo $DPOD
#
kubectl pexec $DPOD -it -T -- sh -c 'tcpdump -nAi eth0 port 9080 or port 15008'
...
Secure Application Access : L4 Authorization Policy
- Istio의 보안 정책의 레이어 4(L4) 기능은 ztunnel에서 지원되며 앰비언트 모드로 사용할 수 있습니다. 또한 클러스터에 이를 지원하는 CNI 플러그인이 있는 경우에도 Kubernetes 네트워크 정책은 계속 작동하며 심층적인 방어 기능을 제공하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다.
- ztunnel 및 웨이포인트 프록시의 계층화를 통해 주어진 워크로드에 대해 레이어 7(L7) 처리를 활성화할지 여부를 선택할 수 있습니다. L7 정책과 Istio의 트래픽 라우팅 기능을 사용하려면 워크로드에 웨이포인트를 배포할 수 있습니다. 이제 정책을 두 곳에서 시행할 수 있기 때문에 이해해야 할 사항이 있습니다.
# netshoot 파드만 ambient mode 다시 참여 docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload kubectl label pod netshoot istio.io/dataplane-mode=ambient --overwrite docker exec -it myk8s-control-plane istioctl ztunnel-config workload # L4 Authorization Policy 신규 생성 # Explicitly allow the netshoot and gateway service accounts to call the productpage service: kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: productpage-viewer namespace: default spec: selector: matchLabels: app: productpage action: ALLOW rules: - from: - source: principals: - cluster.local/ns/default/sa/netshoot EOF # L4 Authorization Policy 생성 확인 kubectl get authorizationpolicy NAME AGE productpage-viewer 8s # ztunnel 파드 로그 모니터링 kubectl logs ds/ztunnel -n istio-system -f | grep -E RBAC # L4 Authorization Policy 동작 확인 ## 차단 확인! GWLB=$(kubectl get svc bookinfo-gateway-istio -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}') while true; do docker exec -it mypc curl $GWLB/productpage | grep -i title ; date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; sleep 1; done ## 허용 확인! kubectl exec -it netshoot -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -i title while true; do kubectl exec -it netshoot -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -i title ; date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; sleep 1; done # L4 Authorization Policy 업데이트 kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: productpage-viewer namespace: default spec: selector: matchLabels: app: productpage action: ALLOW rules: - from: - source: principals: - cluster.local/ns/default/sa/netshoot - cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-gateway-istio EOF kubectl logs ds/ztunnel -n istio-system -f | grep -E RBAC # 허용 확인! GWLB=$(kubectl get svc bookinfo-gateway-istio -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}') while true; do docker exec -it mypc curl $GWLB/productpage | grep -i title ; date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; sleep 1; done
Allowed policy attributes : This list of attributes determines whether a policy is considered L4-onl
'Istio' 카테고리의 다른 글
| [9주차] Ambient Mesh (3) | 2025.06.07 |
|---|---|
| [8주차] 13. VM Support & Istio Traffic Flow (0) | 2025.05.29 |
| [7주차] 14. 이스티오의 요청 처리 기능 확장하기 (0) | 2025.05.24 |
| [7주차] 12. 이스티오 스케일링 (0) | 2025.05.24 |
| [6주차] 11. 튜닝 (2) | 2025.05.16 |